Interrogating the Unquestioned Hegemony of Liberal Democracy

This paper considers where political theorists have ‘left off thinking’ with regards to liberal democracy. In liberal political theory, although democracy is recognized to be an ‘essentially contested concept’, with many competing conceptions stemming from its complex and multidimensional nature, rare is it to interrogate democracy itself. Moreover, liberal democracy is treated as an unquestioned hegemonic order. If (liberal) democracy does fail, it is assumed to be because the autocrats won or sufficient pre-conditions were not met, with little consideration given to liberal democracy’s own limits, contradictions, and deficiencies. Because liberal and democratic values are considered substantively good, liberal political theorists rarely interrogate the limits of the liberal democratic paradigm, often framing political possibilities within a binary distinction: liberal democracy or an obviously worse alternative. I argue that liberal democracy is shaped by various, at times conflicting, concepts and values, not all of which are wholly liberal or democratic. Considering this and given there is more than one legitimate way to order political values, treating liberal democracy as an unquestionable hegemonic order is to ‘leave off thinking’. Doing so not only degrades liberal and democratic values but perpetuates false binaries, disappearing the possibility for other legitimate forms of expression to emerge.